The Spartan myth continues its multiple courses in the world of images, as evidenced by many recent examples and new forthcoming films on 'Sparta'. Some of the Spartan images are derived from the function of language itself: words like spartan or laconic, found in every western language, have acquired an independent meaning which often 'returns' to the 'source'. As this image has become the Spartan-logo, it can also be found in book-covers, trademarks, even in this conference's sign. in Asterix aux Jeux Olympiques, by Goscinny and Uderzo, 1968) is also displayed by the common adoption of the name Sparta or Spartans by modern sport teams in the typical symbol of the helmeted warrior, the athletic ideal is closely related to the military one. On another level, there is the stereotyped image of the 'Spartan' as a double model of the athlete and the warrior, sometimes accompanied by an analogous - but more contradictory - image of the 'Spartan woman'.
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The former can be seen in examples such as the film The 300 Spartans (1962) and the comic 300 by Frank Miller (1999) the latter however, which combines elements of Nazism and communism, is the most prevalent in the post-WWII era (examples are found in comics such as the series by Jacques Martin, and cartoons such as Disney's Hercules and Il était une fois l'homme). There are, in general, two kinds of 'Spartas', a positive one and a negative one: the 'good' Sparta of the Thermopyles, the saviour of the western civilisation against 'barbarians' and the 'bad' rival of democratic 'Athens', the archetype of totalitarianism. In line with the other uses of 'Sparta', these images, are not only multiple but contradictory as well. No es necesario repetir aquí lo que dijo allí. Según los resultados del estudio se concluye que la versión española del CSS-M tiene adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, potenciando su utilidad en el mundo jurídico-penal de países hispanohablantes como elemento esencial para la prevención de delitos.This paper aims to examine how 'ancient Sparta' and 'Spartans' are represented in the imagination of contemporary western societies, using the evidence provided in comics, cartoons, cinema, advertisements, etc. En este comentario sobre la Epístola a los Efesios, el autor ha seguido el mismo método que empleó en su Comentario sobre Romanos. Además, se realizaron varias comparaciones de medias (ANOVA) mostrando una buena validez del instrumento. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y después un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) con todas las subescalas de forma simultánea, siendo su mejor estructura subyacente representada por dos factores: sentimientos hacia los estamentos normativos y autobeneficios criminales. Una muestra de 153 internos de la prisión Brians I de los Servicios Penitenciarios de Cataluña (España) participaron voluntariamente en el estudio (73.9% españoles, edad media = 37.3 años) cumplimentaron la versión final de la adaptación española. A pesar de la cantidad de investigaciones señalando su importancia como uno de los mejores predictores de la conducta criminal, existen muy pocos instrumentos válidos y psicométricamente bien desarrollados, de los cuales ninguno está disponible en lengua española. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the Spanish version of the CSS-M has satisfactory psychometric properties, enabling its potential usefulness within the legal field of Spanish-speaking countries as a key element in crime prevention.Įl propósito de este estudio fue traducir y validar la Criminal Sentiment Scale Modified (CSS-M), que evalúa las actitudes criminales. La revelacion de Jesucristo: Comentario del libro del Apocalipsis, Ranko Stefanovic. Moreover, a set of analyses of variance (ANOVA) was also performed, validating the scale well. Christs Ministry in the Heavenly Sanctuary, Felix H. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted with all the scales simultaneously, showing that the underlying structure of the CSS-M was best explained by a two-factor solution: Sentiments toward the establishment and Criminality self-benefits. A sample of 153 male inmates from Penitentiary Brians I of the Catalan Prison Service (Spain) participated voluntarily in the study (73.9% of Spanish nationality, mean age = 37.3) completed the final version of the Spanish adaptation. The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge W.D.B. Despite the large body of research proving their importance as one of the best predictors of criminal conduct, only a few measures have been psychometrically developed and validated, and none of them are available in the Spanish language. Hendriksen, Comentario del Nuevo Testamento R.S.V.
The purpose of this study was to translate and validate the Criminal Sentiment Scale Modified (CSS-M), which measures the criminal attitudes into Spanish.
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